Scrutiny of Acts and Regulations Committee
Eleventh Report to Parliament on Subordinate Legislation

Annual Report
concerning
Statutory Rules Series 1998

Ordered to be Printed
By Authority.  Government Printer for the State of Victoria
May 1999
No. 43 Session 1999


Appendix 3 - Institutions of the European Union

European Parliament

The European Parliament is the directly-elected democratic expression of the political will of the peoples of the European Union. It is the largest multinational parliament in the world, representing 370 million citizens of the Union. Its primary objectives are to pass good laws, and to scrutinise and control the use of executive power. The Parliament sees itself as the guardian of the European interest and the defender of the citizens' rights.

Council of the European Union

The Council of the European Union (also known as the Council of Ministers) has no equivalent in the world. It is here that the Member States legislate for the Union, set its political objectives, coordinate their national policies and resolve differences between themselves and with other institutions. It is a democratic body; each meeting of the Council bringing together representatives of the Member States (usually Ministers) who are responsible to their national parliaments and public opinions.

European Commission

The European Commission in some respects acts as the heart of Europe, from which the other institutions derive much of their energy and purpose. Its role and responsibilities place it firmly at the heart of the EU's policy-making process. The Council and the European Parliament require a proposal from the Commission before legislation can be passed. In addition, "EU laws are mainly upheld by Commission action, the integrity of the single market is preserved by Commission policing, agricultural and regional development policies are sustained, managed and developed by the Commission as is development cooperation with the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, Africa, the Caribbean and Pacific. Research and technological development programmes, vital for the future of Europe, are orchestrated by the Commission."

The Court of Justice of the European Communities

The Court's role is to provide the judicial safeguards which are necessary to ensure that the law is observed in the interpretation and application of the Treaties and in all of the Community's activities. The Court's decisions have made Community law a reality for European citizens and it may decide cases brought by Member States, by Community institutions and by individuals and companies. By cooperating closely with national courts and tribunals through the preliminary ruling procedure, it ensures the uniform interpretation of Community law within the Community.

European Court of Auditors

This Court is the taxpayers' representative and is responsible for checking that the European Union spends its money according to the budgetary rules and regulations and for the intended purpose. Being completely independent, it contributes to transparency in the Union

European Investment Bank (EIB)

The EIB is the EU's financing institution and provides long-term loans for capital investment promoting the Union's balanced economic development and integration. Its ECU 20 billion volume of annual lending makes it the largest of the international financing institutions in the world.

Economic and Social Committee

The Committee is purely consultative, issuing opinions that reflect the views of the Union's wide membership. Members of the Committee are drawn from a wide range of activities in civil society.

Committee of the Regions

This Committee is the EU's youngest institution, reflecting the Member States' desire to involve regional and local identities and prerogatives in the development and implementation of EU policies. There is now a legal obligation to consult representatives of such authorities on matters that directly concern them.

While the European Union as a whole works towards the development of uniform rules, the Committee of Regions provides pressure for diversity.

European Ombudsman

Every citizen of each Member State is both a national and a European citizen. One of his/her rights as a European citizen is to apply to the European Ombudsman if he/she is a victim of an act of "maladministration" by the EU institutions or bodies.

European Monetary Institute (EMI)

The function of the EMI is to make possible the monetary unification. EMI is not the European Central Bank; this will not be established until the end of the monetary union process.

Extracts from Serving the European Union: A Citizen's Guide to the Institutions of the European Union, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.


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